And that it puts those sellers at a disadvantage by requiring fees for certain benefits.

而且，它要求卖家为某些功能付费，从而使这些卖家处于不利地位。

While all women are disadvantaged by gender, it’s also true that some women experience more disadvantage than others.

虽然所有女性都因性别而处于劣势，但确实有些女性比其他女性经历更多的劣势。

Their close relationships with users create high barriers to entry, putting new entrants at a disadvantage. By contrast, UPI is forbidden to charge merchants fees.

它们与用户的密切关系抬高了进入壁垒，使新进入者处于不利地位。相比之下，UPI禁止向商户收取费用。

Spain and Portugal, therefore, could suffer very little from their peculiar situation, if they did not aggravate its disadvantages by their political institutions.

因此，如果西班牙和葡萄牙不通过他们的政治制度加剧这种不利情况，他们就不会因为他们的特殊情况而受到太大影响。

The new rules mean outside normal hours bosses can't get in touch, although there are exceptions. Workers also shouldn't be disadvantaged by not answering calls and emails.

新规定意味着在正常工作时间之外，上司不能联系员工，虽然也会有例外的情况。员工也不应该因为不接听电话和回复电子邮件而处于不利地位。

The ultimate reward of a union with a young woman who was both unattractive and impoverished ought to be connected with immediate disadvantages by some very palpable chain.

与一个既没有吸引力又贫穷的年轻女子结合的最终回报应该通过一些非常明显的链条与直接的劣势联系起来。