It's a tough industry. It's been a dirty industry. The equipment has been challenging to use.

这是一个艰难的行业。干这一行不太干净。使用这种设备一直很有挑战性。

It has flinched at reining in dirty industries, wary of the mass job losses that seemed likely to ensue.

它在抑制污染行业方面畏缩不前，担心引发大规模失业。

More complex and less elegant (but politically easier) than a simple carbon tax, a cap-and-trade system limits the emissions of dirty industries and puts a price on their remaining pollution so that market forces, in theory, provide an incentive for reductions.

总量控制与交易制度，于简单的碳排放税相比，要复杂得多，也啰嗦得多（但从政治角度上讲却容易得多）。这一制度对某些重污染工业来说，不仅要限制其有害气体排放量，而且对仍需排放的污染物设定价格标准。从理论上讲，这一做法会驱动市场减少污染物的排放。

We also have to talk about how so-called dirty industries, construction and manufacturing, how they will generate better quality, highly skilled jobs if they're investing in water, energy, material efficiency, in products that last longer and produce less waste.

我们还必须谈论所谓的肮脏工业、建筑和制造业，如果他们投资于水、能源、材料效率以及使用寿命更长、产生更少废物的产品，它们将如何产生质量更高、技术含量更高的工作。