1. diploid somatic cells.
   二倍体细胞
2. Diplont A diploid organism that represents the vegetative stage in life cycles in which haploidy is restricted to the gametes.
   二倍体生物：代表生活史中植物体阶段的二倍体生物，其单倍体仅局限于配子体。
3. *X represents monosomy 21,diploid,trisomy 21,tetrasonmy 21 and hexasomy 21 in the corresponding box.
   (X代表相应栏中的21单体、二倍体、21三体、四体和六体)；
4. 1. "Some of the well-known types are the durum, emmet , Polish, and poulard. These are tetraploids. and there is the einkorn, which is a diploid. "
   有些类型是大家都很熟悉的，比如硬粒小麦、二粒小麦、波兰小麦、圆锥小麦。它们都是四倍体。此外还有一粒小麦，是二倍体。
5. hemizygous Describing genetic material that has no homologous counterpart and is thus unpaired in the diploid state.
   半合子的：是一类没有同源配对物的，因此在二倍体中不成对的遗传物质。
6. This paper reviewed the chromosomal engineering in the aspects of double diploid, hetero-additive line, hetero-replacement line, exchange line, monosome one incomplete chromosome systems.
   对植物染色体工程与双二倍体、异附加系、异代换系、易位系、单体与缺体系统进行了综述。
7. Abstract : It is difficulty to select and breed apomictic germplasm among diploid rices at present, but it has become a hotspot to select and breed apomictic germplasm among polyploid rices.
   摘要 ： 目前，在二倍体水平上选育水稻无融和生殖种质的难度较大，而在多倍体水平筛选水稻无融和生殖新种质已成为水稻无融和生殖研究新的生长点。Diplont A diploid organism that represents the vegetative stage in life cycles in which haploidy is restricted to the gametes.
   代表生活史中植物体阶段的二倍体生物，其单倍体仅局限于配子体。
8. This paper reviewed the chromosomal engineering in the aspects of double diploid, hetero-additive line, hetero-replacement line, exchange line, monosome one incomplete chromosome systems.
   对植物染色体工程与双二倍体、异附加系、异代换系、易位系、单体与缺体系统进行了综述。
9. "Some of the well-known types are the durum, emmet , Polish, and poulard. These are tetraploids. and there is the einkorn, which is a diploid. "
   有些类型是大家都很熟悉的，比如硬粒小麦、二粒小麦、波兰小麦、圆锥小麦。它们都是四倍体。此外还有一粒小麦，是二倍体。
10. Abstract : It is difficulty to select and breed apomictic germplasm among diploid rices at present, but it has become a hotspot to select and breed apomictic germplasm among polyploid rices.
    摘要 ： 目前，在二倍体水平上选育水稻无融和生殖种质的难度较大，而在多倍体水平筛选水稻无融和生殖新种质已成为水稻无融和生殖研究新的生长点。

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