差分全球定位系统（Differential Global Positioning System，简称 DGPS 或差分GPS），是一种应用于全球定位系统中用以提高民用定位精度的一种技术。美国出于自身利益方面的考虑，在未经美国政府授权的广大用户所使用的标准定位服务(SPS)中人为地引入误差，即在所有的GPS工作卫星上实施选择可用性(SA)政策，使水平定位精度降低至100m(2dRMS)，垂直定位精度为156m(2a)，时间精度为175ns。尽管 SA 政策已于2000年5月1日停止使用，但是单点定位的精度也只有20-40m，这样的精度难以满足飞机导航、工程测量等方面的定位需求。差分全球定位系统技术解决了这种问题，提高了单点定位的精度。

Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the 15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations.

DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS satellite systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.