双子叶植物（Dicotyledons，简称dicots），又称双子叶植物纲（Dicotyledoneae）、木兰纲（Magnoliopsida），是指一般其种子有两个子叶之开花植物的总称，约有199350个物种。非双子叶植物的开花植物则称为单子叶植物，一般只有一个子叶。

双子叶植物不再被视为是一个恰当的类群名称，且此一名称亦至少不被使用在分类的意涵上。但前述之双子叶植物的绝大部份可以分至一名为真双子叶植物分支的单系群。此一单系统可以以其花粉的结构于其他的开花植物所区隔。其他的双子叶植物和单子叶植物的花粉都是单沟或单沟衍生的样式；而真双子叶植物分支的花粉则为三沟或三沟衍生的样式，其花粉的沟上会有三个或三个以上的细孔。

The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or more rarely dicotyls), were one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group, namely that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 200,000 species within this group. The other group of flowering plants were called monocotyledons or monocots, typically having one cotyledon. Historically, these two groups formed the two divisions of the flowering plants.