非对映异构（英文：Diastereomerism）是指属于立体异构但不属于对映异构的所有同分异构现象，所涉及的异构体称为非对映异构体，简称非对映体。它们包括顺反异构体、构象异构体、内消旋化合物和具有非对映关系的光学异构体。狭义地讲，非对映异构体仅包含具有一个或多个手性中心但不互为镜像关系的化合物。

通常情况下，这些化合物不仅旋光性质不相同，而且很多物理性质和化学性质也不相同。这也是不对称合成中拆分对映异构体时所使用的原理。生成的非对映异构体可通过色谱或重结晶分离。

非对映异构体以赤式（erythro）和苏式（threo）标记。赤式异构体是两个相同取代基在费歇尔投影式中处于同侧的异构体，苏式则相反。

Diastereomers (sometimes called diastereoisomers) are a type of a stereoisomer. Diastereomerism occurs when two or more stereoisomers of a compound have different configurations at one or more (but not all) of the equivalent (related) stereocenters and are not mirror images of each other. When two diastereoisomers differ from each other at only one stereocenter they are epimers. Each stereocenter gives rise to two different configurations and thus increases the number of stereoisomers by a factor of two.