Trevor was a good man, helped me with my dissertation on sexual deviance in the baroque period.

特雷弗是个好人，当初他还帮我写巴洛克时代异常性取向的论文。

Way back in episode 5, we touched on Emile Durkheim’s structural-functionalist approach to deviance.

回到第 5 集中，我们谈到了埃米尔·杜尔凯姆 (Emile Durkheim) 的结构功能主义方法来解决越轨问题。

First, he said, deviance helps define cultural values and norms.

首先，他说，偏差有助于定义文化价值观和规范。

And this tactic of pointing to the supposed empirical wrongness or deviance of homosexuals—oh, man, did it work.

这种针对同性恋者所谓的经验错误或偏差的策略——哦，伙计，它有效吗？

He also argued that society's response to deviance clarifies moral boundaries.

他还认为，社会对越轨行为的反应澄清了道德界限。

His basic insight was that, since deviance is found in every society, it must serve some function.

他的基本见解是，由于在每个社会中都存在偏差，因此它必须发挥某种作用。

And finally, Durkheim pointed out that deviance can actually encourage social change.

最后，涂尔干指出越轨实际上可以鼓励社会变革。

Now, while deviance might be necessary, some societies can have more or less of it than others.

现在，虽然偏差可能是必要的，但有些社会可能比其他社会有更多或更少的偏差。

So they see deviance as a matter of improper or failed socialization.

因此，他们将越轨视为社会化不当或失败的问题。

For example, the earliest attempts at scientific explanations for deviance, and crime in particular, are biologically essentialist explanations.

例如，对越轨，尤其是犯罪的科学解释的最早尝试是生物学本质主义的解释。