阿克巴（全名为杰拉尔-丁·穆罕默德·阿克巴，1542年10月15日－1605年10月27日）是莫卧儿帝国的第三位统治者（1556年－1605年在位）。他被认为是莫卧儿帝国的真正奠基人和最伟大的皇帝。阿克巴是帖木儿的后代。阿克巴最为人称道之处在于，在其统治时期，他能对所有的信仰给予平等和自由的看待。与他之前的君主相比，帝国的文化和艺术在其统治时期达到顶峰。

阿克巴的统治对印度历史有很大的影响，在他统治时期，莫卧儿帝国在版图及财富上都扩张到原来的三倍。阿克巴创建了有力的军事系统，也有效率的进行政治及社会的改革。他废除了向非穆斯林人民实施的人头税（吉兹亚），任命非穆斯林为高级的行政及军事职位，是首位获得本土人士信任及效忠的莫卧儿帝王。他体认到稳定的帝国和子民的合作及善意有关，因此他翻译梵语文学，参与国内的庆典。在阿克巴统治后创建了莫卧儿帝国多元文化的基础。阿克巴之后是由他儿子贾汉吉尔即位。

Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar, popularly known as Akbar I (IPA: [əkbər], literally "the great"; 15 October 1542– 27 October 1605) and later Akbar the Great (Urdu: Akbar-e-Azam; literally "Great the Great"), was Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death. He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of the Godavari river. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire country because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralised system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy. In order to preserve peace and order in a religiously and culturally diverse empire, he adopted policies that won him the support of his non-Muslim subjects. Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic state identity, Akbar strived to unite far-flung lands of his realm through loyalty, expressed through a Persianised culture, to himself as an emperor who had near-divine status.