德西德里乌斯·伊拉斯谟（德语：Erasmus (Desiderius) von Rotterdam，又译埃拉斯默斯、伊拉斯默斯，史学界俗称鹿特丹的伊拉斯谟，1466年10月27日－1536年7月12日）是中世纪尼德兰（今荷兰和比利时）著名的人文主义思想家和神学家，为北方文艺复兴的代表人物。伊拉斯谟是一个用“纯正”拉丁语写作的古典学者。

伊拉斯谟对宗教改革领袖马丁·路德的思想有巨大的影响，路德钦佩并渴望结交伊拉斯谟。可是后来马丁·路德与伊拉斯谟交恶，马丁·路德发表了《论意志之束缚》来反驳他，此后伊拉斯谟公开指责马丁路德的文章为野蛮的书。

Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (/ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəriəs ɪˈræzməs/; 28 October 1466 – 12 July 1536), known as Erasmus of Rotterdam, or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian.

Erasmus was a classical scholar and wrote in a pure Latin style. Among humanists he enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists". Using humanist techniques for working on texts, he prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament, which raised questions that would be influential in the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation. He also wrote On Free Will, The Praise of Folly, Handbook of a Christian Knight, On Civility in Children, Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style, Julius Exclusus, and many other works.