马兜铃酸（英语：Aristolochic acids，简称AAs）也被称为马兜铃总酸、增噬力酸或木通甲素，是一类具有强烈致癌性和肾毒性的硝基菲羧酸。这类有机化合物天然存在于诸如马兜铃属（Aristolochia）及细辛属（Asarum）等马兜铃科植物中，而这些植物曾广泛地被用作中草药。此外，依靠吸食这类植物生存的蝴蝶体内也有马兜铃酸。马兜铃酸Ⅰ是最常见的一种马兜铃酸类化合物，它可在几乎所有马兜铃属植物中发现，并常与马兜铃内酰胺（aristolactams）共存。

利用热二甲基甲酰胺水溶液中萃取获得的马兜铃酸为有光泽的褐色片状结晶，利用甲醇萃取获得的马兜铃酸则为橘黄色棒状结晶。马兜铃酸类化合物味微苦，可溶于乙醇、氯仿、乙醚、丙酮、冰醋酸、苯胺或碱液，微溶于水，几乎不溶于苯或二硫化碳，熔点介于281-286℃之间（约于286℃分解）。

Aristolochic acids are a family of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic compounds commonly found in the Birthwort (Aristolochiaceae) family of plants. Aristolochic acid (AA) I is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids. The Aristolochiaceae family includes the Aristolochia genus and the Asarum (wild ginger) genus, which are commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine. Although these compounds are widely associated with kidney problems and urothelial cancers, the use of AA-containing plants for medicinal purposes has a long history. Nevertheless, the FDA has issued warnings regarding consumption of AA-containing supplements.