股东代表诉讼（英语：Derivative suit），是一种涉及公司法的民事诉讼类型，又称派生诉讼、股东代位诉讼，是指当公司的合法权益受到不法侵害而公司却怠于起诉时，公司的股东即以自己的名义起诉，所获得赔偿归于公司的一种诉讼制度。

《中华人民共和国公司法》（第151条）规定，董事、高级管理人员执行公司职务时，违反法律或者公司章程规定，给公司造成损失的。由有限责任公司的任一股东；或股份有限公司连续180日以上单独或合计持有公司1%以上股份的股东。其诉讼结果归公司承担。

A shareholder derivative suit is a lawsuit brought by a shareholder on behalf of a corporation against a third party. Often, the third party is an insider of the corporation, such as an executive officer or director. Shareholder derivative suits are unique because under traditional corporate law, management is responsible for bringing and defending the corporation against suit. Shareholder derivative suits permit a shareholder to initiate a suit when management has failed to do so. Because derivative suits vary the traditional roles of management and shareholders, many jurisdictions have implemented various procedural requirements to derivative suits.