树轮年代学，又称“树木年轮学”、“树轮学”（英语：Dendrochronology，源自古希腊语：δένδρον，树木；χρόνος，时间；-λογία，学科）是一种通过对树木年轮进行科学分析而测定年代的方法。这门学科是20世纪上半叶由亚利桑那大学教授，树轮研究实验室的创办人A. E. 道格拉斯（A. E. Douglass）发展起来的。在考古学领域有重要应用价值。

Dendrochronology (from δένδρον, dendron, "tree limb"; χρόνος, khronos, "time"; and -λογία, -logia), or tree-ring dating, is the scientific method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree rings, also known as growth rings. Dendrochronology can date the time at which tree rings were formed, in many types of wood, to the exact calendar year. This has three main areas of application: paleoecology, where it is used to determine certain aspects of past ecologies (most prominently climate); archaeology and the history of art and architecture, where it is used to date old panel paintings on wood, buildings, etc.; and radiocarbon dating, where it is used to calibrate radiocarbon ages (see below). In some areas of the world, it is possible to date wood back a few thousand years, or even many thousands. As of 2013, fully anchored chronologies in the northern hemisphere extend back 13,900 years.