How can we adapt to cope with this demographic transition?

我们如何适应应对人口转变呢?

Britain had reached the fourth stage of the demographic transition.

英国已经达到了人口转变的第四阶段。

" The demographic transition is upon us now and its progressing, by historical standards, quite rapidly, " Duggar said.

“人口统计学的转变正在发生，而且在不断进展，根据历史的标准来看，而且变化得非常快。”

This process of falling mortality rates, later followed by falling fertility rates is what's known as demographic transition.

死亡率下降，随后是生育率下降，这个过程就是所谓的人口过渡。

Epidemiologists saw that before and after these demographic transitions, there were very different trends in the common causes of death.

流行病学家发现，在这些人口转变前后，常见死亡原因有着非常不同的趋势。

Let's go back to the 18th century, when the entire world, including Europe, was in the first stage of the demographic transition.

让我们回到18世纪，当整个世界，包括欧洲，都处在人口转变的第一阶段。

So their country reaches the final stage of demographic transition: low birth rates and stable death rates.

因此他们的国家达到了人口转变的最后阶段：低出生率和稳定的死亡率。

And historically, demographic transition happens around the same time as these other changes in a country, suggesting that those factors are linked to the changing population.

从历史上看，人口转变与一个国家的其他变化几乎同时发生，这表明这些因素与不断变化的人口有关。

The theory also explicitly stated that the transition was linked with the broader changes that these countries went through, just like the theory of demographic transition.

该理论还明确指出，这种过渡与这些国家经历的更广泛的变化有关，就像人口转变理论一样。

The idea was that the falling mortality rates during a demographic transition are due to a smaller fraction of people dying from infectious diseases relative to the whole population.

这个想法是，在人口过渡期间死亡率的下降是因为相对于总人口而言，死于传染病的人比例较小。

In a resilient world, those societies closer to the start of this demographic transition take advantage of the time to plan and institute sustainable systems in the face of their demographic change.

在一个富有韧性的世界里，那些更接近人口转型的社会利用这个时间提前规划并建立可持续的系统以应对其人口变化。

EGGLESTON: Second, and more related to what I usually study, is that the population age structure in Japan is such that it's leading the world in the demographic transition.

埃格尔斯顿：其次， 与我通常研究的内容更相关的是，日本的人口年龄结构在人口结构转变方面处于世界领先地位。

But it also suggests Africa's demographic transition may end up different from the “gold standard” of Asia: it will be patchier (with occasional fertility stalls) and led by cities and a few countries (South Africa, Rwanda) .

但是，同样可能的是，非洲的人口结构的转型可能与亚洲的“金标准”的不同：生育率降低可能仅仅是星星点点的发生（偶尔的生育率停滞），以城市和少数几个国家（南非，卢旺达）为代表。

Social scientists use a model of demographic transition to explain that the process of moving from a young, growing population to an older, stable population is tied to the economic and technological development ofa society.

社会科学家使用人口转变模型来解释从年轻的、不断增长的人口转变为年长的、稳定的人口的过程与社会的经济和技术发展密切相关。