In 2021 and 2022 strong demand for labour allowed many existing workers to demand more pay.

2021年和2022年，对劳动力的强劲需求使许多现有工人能够要求更高的工资。

This premium would preserve demand for labour even in an age of superadvanced ai.

即使在超级先进的人工智能时代，这种溢价也会保持对劳动力的需求。

As social-distancing measures recede, some of the disease- specific demand for labour will ebb, enabling workers to return to their old jobs.

随着社会疏远措施的退步，一些针对特定疾病的劳动力需求将会下降，从而使工人能够重返原来的工作岗位。

The demand for labour, and consequently its price, must necessarily have increased with those improvements.

随着这些改进， 对劳动力的需求及其价格必然会增加。

But if we go back to the definition of the 'real demand for labour', all this loses its plausibility.

但是，如果我们回到“对劳动力的实际需求” 的定义，所有这一切都失去了它的可信度。

I should expect, therefore, that the real demand for labour would remain virtually constant throughout a trade cycle.

因此，我应该预期，在整个贸易周期中，对劳动力的实际需求实际上将保持不变。

This increase in the demand for labour would both increase the numbers, and improve the circumstances of the labouring poor.

对劳动力需求的增加既会增加数量， 也会改善劳动穷人的处境。

It has, indeed, in some; owing, probably, more to the increase of the demand for labour, than to that of the price of provisions.

它确实有一些；可能更多是由于劳动力需求的增加，而不是食品价格的增加。

It deserves to be remarked, too, that it necessarily does this as nearly as possible in the proportion which the demand for labour requires.

同样值得一提的是，它必须尽可能接近劳动力需求所需的比例来做到这一点。

The money price of labour is necessarily regulated by two circumstances; the demand for labour, and the price of the necessaries and conveniencies of life.

劳动力的货币价格必然受两种情况的调节；对劳动力的需求，以及生活必需品和便利品的价格。

In many countries, including Britain, France and Germany, the number of unfilled vacancies is still higher than its pre-pandemic norm, suggesting that demand for labour remains high.

在包括英国、法国和德国在内的许多国家，空缺职位空缺的数量仍高于疫情前的常态，这表明对劳动力的需求仍然很高。

The frequency of emigration from Scotland, and the rarity of it from England, sufficiently prove that the demand for labour is very different in the two countries.

苏格兰移民的频率之高，而英格兰移民之稀少，足以证明这两个国家对劳动力的需求是截然不同的。

The scarcity of a dear year, by diminishing the demand for labour, tends to lower its price, as the high price of provisions tends to raise it.

丰收年份的稀缺， 通过减少对劳动力的需求， 往往会降低其价格， 因为高价的食品往往会提高价格。

Nearly 4m people may lose jobs as a result of cuts in industrial capacity, but strong demand for labour in the services sector, from restaurants to health care, is cushioning that blow.

工业去产能可能会造成近400万人失业，但从餐馆到医疗保健等服务行业对劳动力的强劲需求正在缓解这种冲击。

It could not lessen the demand for labour, without lessening the annual produce of the land and labour of the country, the fund upon which all taxes must be finally paid.

它不可能减少对劳动力的需求，而不减少该国土地和劳动力的年产量，这是最终必须缴纳所有税款的基金。

The wages of the labourer, it has already been shewn, are never so high as when the demand for labour is continually rising, or when the quantity employed is every year increasing considerably.

已经表明，当对劳动力的需求不断增加，或者当就业人数每年都大幅增加时，工人的工资永远不会高。

The capital of the country remaining the same, the demand for labour will likewise be the same, or very nearly the same, though it may be exerted in different places, and for different occupations.

国家的资本保持不变，对劳动力的需求也将同样或几乎相同，尽管它可能在不同的地方和不同的职业中发挥作用。

To determine the quantity of employment, Professor Pigou then combines with his 'real demand for labour', a supply function for labour. He assumes that this is a function of the real wage and of nothing else.

为了确定就业数量，庇古教授结合了他的“劳动力实际需求”，即劳动力供给函数。他假设这是实际工资的函数，仅此而已。

For, unless he goes back to the definition, 'fluctuations in the real demand for labour' will convey to his mind the same sort of suggestion as I mean to convey by 'fluctuations in the state of aggregate demand'.

因为，除非他回到定义，否则“实际劳动需求的波动”将向他的头脑传达与我用“总需求状态的波动”传达的相同暗示。

The purpose of the concept of the elasticity of the real demand for labour in the aggregate is to show by how much full employment will rise or fall corresponding to a given shift in the supply function of labour.

总劳动力实际需求弹性概念的目的是表明，随着劳动力供给函数的给定变化，充分就业将增加或减少多少。