生物塑料（英语：Bioplastic）是来自于可再生的生物质来源的塑料，如来自于植物油，玉米淀粉，豌豆淀粉或微生物群。常见的塑料，如化石燃料塑料是从石油中提炼，这些塑料更多地依赖化石燃料和产生更多的温室气体。一部分但不是全部的生物塑料是可以生物降解的塑料。可生物降解的生物塑料在无氧或有氧环境能够分解，这取决于它们是如何制造的。生物塑料可有各种各样的材料组成，包括：淀粉、纤维素或其他生物聚合物。一些常见的生物塑料的应用是包装材料、餐具、食品包装和绝缘。

来自生物质的生物基聚合物，或者从生物质衍生的单体生成，和在其
处理过程中的某一个阶段成为成品产品，可以被流程所塑造。

Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, or microbiota. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural byproducts and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms. Common plastics, such as fossil-fuel plastics (also called petrobased polymers), are derived from petroleum or natural gas. Production of such plastics tends to require more fossil fuels and to produce more greenhouse gases than the production of biobased polymers (bioplastics). Some, but not all, bioplastics are designed to biodegrade. Biodegradable bioplastics can break down in either anaerobic or aerobic environments, depending on how they are manufactured. Bioplastics can be composed of starches, cellulose, biopolymers, and a variety of other materials.