数据加密标准（英语：Data Encryption Standard，缩写为 DES）是一种对称密钥加密块密码算法，1976年被美国联邦政府的国家标准局确定为联邦资料处理标准（FIPS），随后在国际上广泛流传开来。它基于使用56位密钥的对称算法。这个算法因为包含一些机密设计元素，相对短的密钥长度以及怀疑内含****（NSA）的后门而在开始时有争议，DES因此受到了强烈的学院派式的审查，并以此推动了现代的块密码及其密码分析的发展。

DES现在已经不是一种安全的加密方法，主要因为它使用的56位密钥过短。1999年1月，distributed.net与电子前哨基金会合作，在22小时15分钟内即公开破解了一个DES密钥。也有一些分析报告提出了该算法的理论上的弱点，虽然在实际中难以应用。为了提供实用所需的安全性，可以使用DES的衍生算法3DES来进行加密，虽然3DES也存在理论上的攻击方法。在2001年，DES作为一个标准已经被高级加密标准（AES）所取代。另外，DES已经不再作为国家标准科技协会（前国家标准局）的一个标准。

The Data Encryption Standard (DES, /ˌdiːˌiːˈɛs/ or /ˈdɛz/) was once a predominant symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of electronic data. It was highly influential in the advancement of modern cryptography in the academic world. Developed in the early 1970s at IBM and based on an earlier design by Horst Feistel, the algorithm was submitted to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) following the agency's invitation to propose a candidate for the protection of sensitive, unclassified electronic government data. In 1976, after consultation with the National Security Agency (NSA), the NBS eventually selected a slightly modified version (strengthened against differential cryptanalysis, but weakened against brute force attacks), which was published as an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1977. The publication of an NSA-approved encryption standard simultaneously resulted in its quick international adoption and widespread academic scrutiny. Controversies arose out of classified design elements, a relatively short key length of the symmetric-key block cipher design, and the involvement of the NSA, nourishing suspicions about a backdoor. The intense academic scrutiny the algorithm received over time led to the modern understanding of block ciphers and their cryptanalysis.