流动负债（Current Liabilities）是指一份资产负债表内，一年内到期的负债。其典型的组成有：短期银行借款，例如银行透支（Bank Overdraft），应付商业本票，应付票据，应付帐款，应付费用，长期借款于一年到期的部分，付给债权人（Creditors）的款项，以资金的观点，可将其分为两类，一为自发性的融资，如应付票据，应付帐款，应付费用，这些都是营运上自然产生的企业付款义务，大多数情况企业针对这类融资是不需额外支付利息，其中应付票据与帐款为供应商的融通，而应付费用如应付薪资，应付租金，应付利息，则是企业对于取得资产或享受服务而产生的未来支付义务；另外一类则为非自发性的融资，与企业营业活动无关，属于外部融资的一种，如银行借款，应付商业本票，这些都是企业为筹措资金而主动取得，其特性为支应短期的资金需求，这类融资是需要支付资金成本（利息）。长期借款将于一年内到期的部分，也应转列为流动负债。

In accounting, current liabilities are often understood as all liabilities of the business that are to be settled in cash within the fiscal year or the operating cycle of a given firm, whichever period is longer.

A more complete definition is that current liabilities are obligations that will be settled by current assets or by the creation of new current liabilities. Accounts payable are due within 30 days, and are paid within 30 days, but do often run past 30 days or 60 days in some situations. The laws regarding late payment and claims for unpaid accounts payable is related to the issue of accounts payable. An operating cycle for a firm is the average time that is required to go from cash to cash in producing revenues. For example, accounts payable for goods, services or supplies that were purchased for use in the operation of the business and payable within a normal period would be current liabilities. Amounts listed on a balance sheet as accounts payable represent all bills payable to vendors of a company, whether or not the bills are less than 31 days old or more than 30 days old. Therefore late payments are not disclosed on the balance sheet for accounts payable. There may be footnotes in audited financial statements regarding age of accounts payable, but this is not common accounting practice. Lawsuits regarding accounts payable are required to be shown on audited financial statements, but this is not necessarily common accounting practice.