葫芦科（拉丁语学名：Cucurbitaceae）是植物界中的一个科，其中包括黄瓜、南瓜、丝瓜、西瓜等常见的蔬菜和瓜果。葫芦科是世界上最重要的食用植物科之一，其重要性仅次于禾本科、豆科和茄科。

大多数葫芦科的植物是一年生的爬藤植物，常有螺旋状卷须，叶互生，形大，它们的花比较大，比较鲜艳。同一植物上有雄性和雌性的花，雌性的花为子房下位花。果实实际上是浆果的一种，称为瓠果或瓜果。

大多数葫芦科植物会受到一种蛾（Melittia cucurbitae）的幼虫危害。

The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of around a hundred genera, the most important of which are:

The plants in this family are grown around the tropics and in temperate areas, where those with edible fruits were among the earliest cultivated plants both in the Old and New Worlds. The Cucurbitaceae family ranks among the highest of plant families for number and percentage of species used as human food.