The Cuanza River (also spelled Kwanza, Kuanza, Quanza or Coanza) is a river in Angola. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean just south of the nation's capital, Luanda.

Rich biodiversity has been found in the Angolan river, according to research reported on the Science and Development Network website. Angola's first biodiversity tally of the Kwanza River has so far found 50 fish species. Researchers from the National Fishing Research Institute and the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity say genetic testing may reveal new species.