晶体是原子、离子或分子按照一定的周期性，在结晶过程中，在空间排列形成具有一定规则的几何外形的固体。

晶体的分布非常广泛，自然界的固体物质中，绝大多数是晶体。气体、液体和非晶物质在一定的合适条件下也可以转变成晶体。

晶体内部原子或分子排列的三维空间周期性结构，是晶体最基本的、最本质的特征，并使晶体具有下面的通性：

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. In addition, macroscopic single crystals are usually identifiable by their geometrical shape, consisting of flat faces with specific, characteristic orientations.