结晶，是指从饱和溶液中凝结，或从气体凝华出具有一定的几何形状的固体（晶体）的过程。在自然环境下，气温的下降压力的作用，都会造成结晶。结晶的过程一般可分为两个阶段（包括成核和晶体生长期），时间也有所不同。

结晶亦是一种分离固态和液态物质的技术，其中溶质由溶液中转移至纯净的晶体里。不少自然过程都涉及结晶:

如饱和溶液的气温下降速度慢，会形成一颗较大的晶体；如气温急剧下降，会形成粉状的小晶体。而小晶体可以放进饱和溶液充当大晶体的种子。 而重结晶或再结晶是重复结晶作用，用以准备纯度更高的结晶。

Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process where a solid forms where the atoms or molecules are highly organized in a structure known as a crystal. Some of the ways which crystals form are through precipitating from a solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas. Crystallization is also a chemical solid–liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs. In chemical engineering crystallization occurs in a crystallizer. Crystallization is therefore related to precipitation, although the result is not amorphous or disordered, but a crystal.