晶体场理论（英语：Crystal field theory，首字母缩略字：CFT）是配位化学理论的一种，1929－1935年由汉斯·贝特和约翰·凡扶累克提出。它以过渡金属配合物的电子层结构为出发点，可以很好地解释配合物的磁性、颜色、立体构型、热力学性质和配合物畸变等主要问题，但不能合理解释配体的光谱化学串行和一些金属有机配合物的形成。

晶体场理论将配位键看成纯离子键，着眼于中心原子的d轨道在各种对称性配位体静电场中的变化，简明直观，结合实验数据容易进行定量或半定量的计算。但在实际配合物中，纯离子键或纯共价键都很罕见，目前配合物的结构理论兼有晶体场理论和分子轨道理论的精髓，称之为配位场理论。

Crystal Field Theory (CFT) is a model that describes the breaking of degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals, due to a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution (anion neighbors). This theory has been used to describe various spectroscopies of transition metal coordination complexes, in particular optical spectra (colors). CFT successfully accounts for some magnetic properties, colours, hydration enthalpies, and spinel structures of transition metal complexes, but it does not attempt to describe bonding. CFT was developed by physicists Hans Bethe and John Hasbrouck van Vleck in the 1930s. CFT was subsequently combined with molecular orbital theory to form the more realistic and complex ligand field theory (LFT), which delivers insight into the process of chemical bonding in transition metal complexes.