鳄鱼（拉丁语：crocodilia），属于蜥形纲鳄鱼。分布于热带到亚热带的河川、湖泊、海岸中，现存24种。

长吻锐齿、四肢短小、尾巴扁平有力、皮硬厚鳞。栖于热带河流沼泽，并很少离开水过远的地方。食肉为主。卵生。

鳄鱼拥有较强的免疫力，能够防止鳄鱼在险恶环境下，与掠夺者搏斗后留下的伤痕产生致命感染。曾有科学家们发现鳄鱼强大的免疫系统可以杀灭艾滋病毒（HIV），研究人员发现鳄鱼血液中所含的某些蛋白质能够杀死对盘尼西林有抗药性的细菌，例如金黄葡萄球菌。

鳄鱼的心脏和人类一样有心房（左心房、右心房）和两室（左心室、右心室），是脊椎动物中首次出现的左右心室完全分隔。（两栖动物和除鳄鱼以外的爬行动物都只有一个心室，或没有完全分隔的左右心室。）脊椎动物中只有鳄鱼、鸟类、哺乳动物有左右心室完全分隔的心脏。

The Crocodilia (or Crocodylia) are an order of mostly large, predatory, semiaquatic reptiles. They appeared 83.5 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period (Campanian stage) and are the closest living relatives of birds, as the two groups are the only known survivors of the Archosauria. Members of the order's total group, the clade Pseudosuchia, appeared about 250 million years ago in the Early Triassic period, and diversified during the Mesozoic era. The order Crocodilia includes the true crocodiles (family Crocodylidae), the alligators and caimans (family Alligatoridae), and the gharial and false gharial (family Gavialidae). Although the term 'crocodiles' is sometimes used to refer to all of these, a less ambiguous vernacular term for this group is crocodilians.