PRAM（Parallel Random Access Machine）模型是单指令流多数据流（SIMD）并行机中的一种具有共享存储的模型。它假设有一个无限大容量的共享存储器，并且有多个功能相同的处理器，在任意时刻处理器可以访问共享存储单元。根据是否可以同时读写，它又分为以下三类：PRAM-EREW，PRAM-CREW，PRAM-CRCW（其中C代表Concurrent，意为允许并发操作，E-代表Exclusive，意味排斥并发操作）。在PRAM中有一个同步时钟，所有的操作都是同步进行的。

In computer science, a parallel random-access machine (PRAM) is a shared-memory abstract machine. As its name indicates, the PRAM was intended as the parallel-computing analogy to the random-access machine (RAM). In the same way that the RAM is used by sequential-algorithm designers to model algorithmic performance (such as time complexity), the PRAM is used by parallel-algorithm designers to model parallel algorithmic performance (such as time complexity, where the number of processors assumed is typically also stated). Similar to the way in which the RAM model neglects practical issues, such as access time to cache memory versus main memory, the PRAM model neglects such issues as synchronization and communication, but provides any (problem-size-dependent) number of processors. Algorithm cost, for instance, is estimated using two parameters O(time) and O(time × processor_number).