碰撞测试假人是用来模拟车祸对人体的影响的真人一样大小的玩偶。

假人上装有许多测量撞击测试时产生的加载的传感器。在最佳情况下假人的生物力学性能应该和人体一样——比如身体各部分的大小和质量，以及关节的刚性，等等，只有这样使用它们的模拟才能和现实相匹配。不同的假人模拟男性或者女性的身体，以及不同身高和年龄的人体。假人的标定主要是通过与使用尸体获得的数据的比较获得的。在近年来几乎所有载具的研究和开发均需要进行碰撞测试假人测试。对于一些交通工具来说使用碰撞测试假人的测试是型号许可的必要条件。

A crash test dummy is a full-scale anthropomorphic test device (ATD) that simulates the dimensions, weight proportions and articulation of the human body, and is usually instrumented to record data about the dynamic behavior of the ATD in simulated vehicle impacts.The Crash Test Dummy is widely used by researchers and automobile companies to predict the biomechanics, force, impact, and injury of a human being in an automobile crash. This data can include variables such as velocity of impact, crushing force, bending, folding, or torque of the body, and deceleration rates during a collision for use in crash tests. The more advanced dummies are sophisticated machines designed to behave as a human body and with many sensors to record the forces of an impact; they may cost over US$400,000.