星室法庭（英语：Star Chamber）成立于1487年，由于位于西敏寺一个屋顶有星形装饰的大厅而得名。它与英国枢密院、英国高等法院等构成英国史上最重要的专制机器，特别是在惩治出版商上一直充当急先锋的角色，“成为英国报纸出现前一长段历史中禁止自由发表意见的又一障碍”（美国新闻史学家埃默里）。英国许多报业先驱都受过这个机构的传讯、折磨或监禁。星室法庭也成为英国专制制度的象征。但是星室法庭对圈地运动的态度，则是始终从法律角度予以阻挡。1641年7月英国革命前夕，由长期议会通过法案予以取缔关闭。

The Star Chamber (Latin: Camera stellata) was an English court of law which sat at the royal Palace of Westminster, from the late 15th century to the mid-17th century (c. 1641), and was composed of Privy Councillors and common-law judges, to supplement the judicial activities of the common-law and equity courts in civil and criminal matters. The Star Chamber was established to ensure the fair enforcement of laws against socially and politically prominent people so powerful that ordinary courts would likely hesitate to convict them of their crimes.