本杰明·汤普森爵士，伦福德伯爵，FRS （英语：Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford ， 德语：Reichsgraf von Rumford，1753年3月26日－1814年8月21日）是一位英国物理学家，生于英属美洲。他对于热的本质的研究挑战了当时占主流的热质说，对19世纪热力学的发展有重大意义。他也是位多产的发明家。

他于美国独立战争中忠于英国王室，在英国陆军中服役，衔至中校，于战后移居伦敦。在那里，其在后勤方面才能受到赏识，晋升上校，于1784年被英王乔治三世进封爵士。其后，他又移居巴伐利亚，出任当地的陆军大臣，重整了陆军，于1791年获封为神圣罗马帝国伯爵。

Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, FRS (German:Reichsgraf von Rumford; March 26, 1753 – August 21, 1814) was an American-born British physicist and inventor whose challenges to established physical theory were part of the 19th century revolution in thermodynamics. He also served as a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Loyalist forces in America during the American Revolutionary War. After the end of the war he moved to London where his administrative talents were recognized when he was appointed a full Colonel, and in 1784 received a knighthood from King George III. A prolific designer, he also drew designs for warships. He later moved to Bavaria and entered government service there, being appointed Bavarian Army Minister and re-organizing the army, and, in 1791, was made a Count of the Holy Roman Empire.