Calculation with counting rods follows the same principles as the decimal system.

用算筹计算的原理与十进制相同。

Typically counting rods were made from bamboo, but other materials were also used, like bone, ivory, or metal.

典型的计数棒是用竹子做的，但人们也会使用其他材料，如骨头、象牙或金属。

In the 16th century, the era of the counting rods came to an end to be completely replaced by the abacus.

在16世纪，算筹的时代结束了，完全为算盘所取代。

This set of ivory counting rods was unearthed in the number-1 Han Tomb of the Yousheng Palace in Shaanxi's Shenyang County.

这套象牙算筹出土于的陕西省旬阳县的佑圣宫一号汉墓。

In pre-imperial China, such seemingly abstract figures to be expressed with some simple counting rods and from them calculations of value made.

在春秋战国时期的中国，这些看似抽象的数字是用一些简单的计算小棍子“算筹”来表示并计算的。