网站首页  英汉词典

请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 Cosmic abundance of elements
释义

Cosmic abundance of elements

中文百科

化学元素丰度 Abundance of the chemical elements

(重定向自Cosmic abundance of elements)
地球的上层大陆地壳中元素的相对丰度(原子数目)。

化学元素丰度(Abundance of the chemical elements)是在测量上与所有元素相比较所得到含量多寡的比值。丰度可以是质量(等同于重量)的比值或是摩尔数(气体的原子数量比值或是分子数量比值),或是容积上的比值。在混合的气体中测量气体容积上的比值是最常用于表示丰度的方法,对混合的理想气体(相对于是低密度和低压的气体)这与摩尔数是相当一致的。

例如,氧在水中的质量比是89%,因为这是水的质量和氧的质量的比值,但是氧在水中的摩尔比值只有33%,因为在水的摩尔数中只有三分之一是氧原子。在整个宇宙中,和在如同木星这样的巨大的气体行星中,氢和氦在质量上的丰度比值分别相对是74%和23-25%,但是摩尔(原子)比值却高达92%和8%。但是,因为氢是双原子分子,而氦在木星外层的大气环境下只是单原子分子,以分子的摩尔数来比较,在木星大气层中氢的丰度是86%,而氦的丰度是13%。

英语百科

Abundance of the chemical elements 化学元素丰度

(重定向自Cosmic abundance of elements)
Estimated proportions of matter, dark matter and dark energy in the universe according to 5 year WMAP data. Only the fraction of the mass and energy in the universe labeled
Estimated abundances of the chemical elements in the Solar system. Hydrogen and helium are most common, from the Big Bang. The next three elements (Li, Be, B) are rare because they are poorly synthesized in the Big Bang and also in stars. The two general trends in the remaining stellar-produced elements are: (1) an alternation of abundance in elements as they have even or odd atomic numbers (the Oddo-Harkins rule), and (2) a general decrease in abundance, as elements become heavier. Iron is especially common because it represents the minimum energy nuclide that can be made by fusion of helium in supernovae.
Periodic table showing the cosmogenic origin of each element
Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number. The rarest elements in the crust (shown in yellow) are the most dense. They were further rarefied in the crust by being siderophile (iron-loving) elements, in the Goldschmidt classification of elements. Siderophiles were depleted by being relocated into the Earth's core. Their abundance in meteoroid materials is relatively higher. Additionally, tellurium and selenium have been depleted from the crust due to formation of volatile hydrides.

The abundance of a chemical element is a measure of the occurrence of the element relative to all other elements in a given environment. Abundance is measured in one of three ways: by the mass-fraction (the same as weight fraction); by the mole-fraction (fraction of atoms by numerical count, or sometimes fraction of molecules in gases); or by the volume-fraction. Volume-fraction is a common abundance measure in mixed gases such as planetary atmospheres, and is similar in value to molecular mole-fraction for gas mixtures at relatively low densities and pressures, and ideal gas mixtures. Most abundance values in this article are given as mass-fractions.

随便看

 

英汉网英语在线翻译词典收录了3779314条英语词汇在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2024 encnc.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/6/18 6:47:28