They would probably be so everywhere, if corporation laws and the corporation spirit did not prevent it.

如果公司法和公司精神没有阻止的话， 它们可能无处不在。

It is the labour of artificers and manufacturers only of which the free circulation is obstructed by corporation laws.

只有技师和制造商的劳动的自由流通才受到公司法的阻碍。

Corporation laws, however, give less obstruction to the free circulation of stock from one place to another, than to that of labour.

然而，公司法对股票从一地到另一地的自由流通的阻碍比对劳动力自由流通的阻碍要小。

Corporation laws enable the inhabitants of towns to raise their prices, without fearing to be undersold by the free competition of their own countrymen.

公司法使城镇居民能够提高价格， 而不必担心因本国同胞的自由竞争而被低价出售。

The superiority which the industry of the towns has everywhere in Europe over that of the country, is not altogether owing to corporations and corporation laws. It is supported by many other regulations.

城市工业在欧洲到处都比乡村工业具有优势，这并不完全归功于公司和公司法。它得到许多其他法规的支持。

Three years is, in Scotland, a common term of apprenticeship, even in some very nice trades; and, in general, I know of no country in Europe, in which corporation laws are so little oppressive.

在苏格兰，三年是一个常见的学徒期，即使是在一些非常好的行业也是如此；而且，总的来说，据我所知，在欧洲没有哪个国家的公司法如此严厉。

It is to prevent his reduction of price, and consequently of wages and profit, by restraining that free competition which would most certainly occasion it, that all corporations, and the greater part of corporation laws have been established.

正是为了防止他降低价格，从而通过限制最肯定会引起它的自由竞争来防止他降低工资和利润，所有公司和大部分公司法都已建立。

The obstruction which corporation laws give to the free circulation of labour is common, I believe, to every part of Europe. That which is given to it by the poor laws is, so far as I know, peculiar to England.

公司法对劳动力自由流通的阻碍，我相信在欧洲的每个地方都很普遍。据我所知，济贫法赋予它的东西是英国特有的。