Contributing to the high cost were tariffs on imported grain, called the Corn Laws, which soared as high as 80%.
对进口谷物征收的关税，也就是所谓的《谷物法》，导致了高昂的成本，关税飙升了80%。
Corn Laws
原声例句
经济学人（汇总）
经济学人（汇总）
On June 25th 1846 the House of Lords repealed the Corn Laws, following a House of Commons vote a month earlier.
1846年6月25日上议院废除了《谷物法》，此前一个月下议院进行了投票。
国富论（三）
Digression concerning the Corn Trade and Corn Laws.
关于玉米贸易和玉米法的题外话。
文化杂谈
The Corn Laws were in fact obstacles to economic growth.
谷物法实际上是经济增长的障碍。
经济学人（汇总）
Peel had opposed repealing the Corn Laws but, faced with a crisis, he was willing to split his party and lose his job to do the right thing.
皮尔曾反对废除《谷物法》，但在面临危机时，为了做正确的事，他愿意分裂自己的政党甚至丢掉自己的工作。
经济学人-文艺
A Quaker born in Rochdale, Bright made his name campaigning for the repeal of the protectionist Corn Laws, distinguishing himself, as Karl Marx testified, as “one of the most gifted orators that England has ever produced”.
作为来自于罗奇达尔(Rochdale)的公宜会信徒, 布莱特在针对保护主义者的玉米法案的反对运动中初次参加竞选活动, 就展现出超凡的演讲才能, 正如卡尔·马克思(Karl Marx)所言, 他是“英格兰有史以来最有天赋的演说家之一”。
国富论（三）
The 13th of the present king, c. 43, seems to have established a new system with regard to the corn laws, in many respects better than the ancient one, but in one or two respects perhaps not quite so good.
现任国王第 13 代，c。 43、似乎建立了一套新的谷物法制度，在很多方面都比旧制度好，但在一两个方面可能不太好。
中文百科
谷物法
谷物法（Corn Laws）是一道于1815年至1846年强制实施的进口关税，借以“保护”英国农夫及地主免受来自从生产成本较低廉的外国所进口的谷物的竞争。要注意的是，在英式英语里，“玉米”（corn）这个词语泛指所有谷物，与美式英语专指玉米的意思有所不同。
根据David Cody教授的说法：
“谷物法是用来保护英国地主之利益；其手段为，当谷物价格下降到一定程度时，即鼓励出口并限制进口。谷物法最终在「反谷物法联盟」的军事动乱中被废除了；此联盟在一八三八年时于曼彻斯特成立，宣称谷物法增加了工业生产成本。经过一连串的竞争之后，反谷物法者终于在一八四六年得以遂其心愿，这也象征了英国中产阶级在政治权力中一项重要的胜利。”
英语百科
Corn Laws 谷物法
The Corn Laws were measures enforced in the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1846, which imposed restrictions and tariffs on imported grain. They were designed to keep grain prices high to favour domestic producers. The laws did indeed raise food prices and became the focus of opposition from urban groups who had far less political power than rural Britain. The Corn Laws imposed steep import duties, making it too expensive to import grain from abroad, even when food supplies were short. The laws were supported by Conservative landowners and opposed by Whig industrialists and workers. The Anti-Corn Law League was responsible for turning public and elite opinion against the laws. It was a large, nationwide middle-class moral crusade with a Utopian vision, according to historian Asa Briggs; its leading advocate Richard Cobden promised that repeal would settle four great problems simultaneously:
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