堆芯熔毁（英语：meltdown），在**称为炉心熔毁，又称为核熔毁或熔毁，是核反应堆因无法及时冷却而熔化造成的损毁。堆芯熔毁后可引发具有放射性的物质外泄，影响人类及其他生物的健康。在核电站中，堆芯熔毁稳定化系统（Core Melt Stabilization System）会用来减缓堆芯熔毁的影响，并确保核心保护壳的完整性。

核泄漏虽也可指使用核动力的航海器具（如潜艇或航空母舰等）所发生的灾害，不过一般是指用核电站内发生的核熔毁事件，例如切尔诺贝利核事故与福岛第一核电站事故。

A nuclear meltdown is an informal term for a severe nuclear reactor accident that results in core damage from overheating. The term is not officially defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency or by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. However, it has been defined to mean the accidental melting of the core of a nuclear reactor, and is in common usage a reference to the core's either complete or partial collapse. "Core melt accident" and "partial core melt" are the analogous technical terms for a meltdown.