鸡腿菇（学名：Coprinus comatus），亦作鸡腿蘑菇，在中国北方俗称毛头鬼伞，在旧分类发中与其他品种的鬼伞菇同属鬼伞属（Coprinellus），但在新分类法中被分入Coprinus属。鸡腿菇是一种野生食用菌，于欧洲、亚洲及北美洲都有发现，依地区气候不同，可能在春末、夏季或秋季雨后发出来。鸡腿蘑菇属中高温型菇类，为草腐土生菌。

鸡腿菇成熟后会变成墨汁，采摘后也会在几小时内变成墨汁。有些和鸡腿菇同一科的菇类和酒精饮品一起食用会中毒。

鸡腿菇有药用功效，所以有不少标榜健康的菜单亦有以鸡腿菇或其他野菌类制作佳馔。另一方面，基于同样理由，现时有不少人投资开设养殖场种植鸡腿菇。鸡腿菇可以人工种植，但因为保存期限短，很难在市场上贩卖。鸡腿菇菌丝的生长温度范围10-35 °C，以20-30 °C为最适合。而子实体的发育温度8-30 °C，最适16-22 °C。所以种植场普遍在北回归线以北，避免夏天时生长环境过热。

Coprinus comatus, the shaggy ink cap, lawyer's wig, or shaggy mane, is a common fungus often seen growing on lawns, along gravel roads and waste areas. The young fruit bodies first appear as white cylinders emerging from the ground, then the bell-shaped caps open out. The caps are white, and covered with scales—this is the origin of the common names of the fungus. The gills beneath the cap are white, then pink, then turn black and secrete a black liquid filled with spores (hence the “ink cap” name). This mushroom is unusual because it will turn black and dissolve itself in a matter of hours after being picked or depositing spores.