Copper ions do this by interacting with oxygen and changing the oxygen molecules. As a result, the virus cells cannot mutate.

铜离子能与氧化合并改变氧分子结构，这样病毒细胞就无法突变。

But Sauvage and his team used copper ions to coax molecules into interlocking like links in a chain, which they call a catenane.

但是索维奇及他的团队使用铜离子诱导分子如同链环般相互扣住，这就是他们所说的链。

They sought to change that and, after a bit of experimentation, discovered that copper ions greatly improve both speed and purity.

他们试图改变这一点，经过一些实验后发现，铜离子可以极大地提高速度和纯度。

Copper ions are frequently poisonous to biological systems.So Dr Bertozzi decided to work on a way to make azides and alkynes react without their involvement.

铜离子通常对生物系统有毒。因此，Bertozzi 博士决定研究一种方法，使叠氮化物和炔烃在没有它们参与的情况下发生反应。

To see how reduction potentials work in half reactions and combine in an overall reaction, let's consider a galvanic cell where zinc is oxidized and copper ions are reduced.

为了了解还原电位如何在半反应中起作用并在整个反应中结合，让我们考虑一个原电池， 其中锌被氧化而铜离子被还原。

Normally, different molecules are connected by covalent chemical bonds between their atoms. But Sauvage and his team used copper ions to coax molecules into interlocking like links in a chain, which they call a catenane.

通常，不同的分子通过其原子之间的共价化学键连接。但是 Sauvage 和他的团队使用铜离子诱使分子像链条中的链接一样相互连接，他们称之为链烷。

Around the year 2000, Sharpless and Meldal separately discovered a specific chemical reaction using copper ions as a catalyst which " changed the playing field" and became " the cream of the crop" , said Silvia Diez-Gonzalez, a chemist at Imperial College London.

伦敦帝国理工学院化学家西尔维娅·迪兹-冈萨雷斯说，大约在 2000 年，沙普利斯和梅尔达尔分别发现了一种使用铜离子作为催化剂的特定化学反应，这种反应“改变了化学反应的环境”，成为“百里挑一的化学物质”。