亚比亚他（אביתר, Ebyathar, Evyatar），大卫王统治时期的犹太教大祭司。

根据圣经记载，亚比亚他是大祭司亚希米勒（Achimelech）的儿子，挪伯（Nob）祭司，以利的第四代后裔。当他的父亲和挪伯的众祭司被扫罗杀害时，他是唯一逃脱扫罗屠杀的祭司，手里拿着他的以弗得（ephod ），逃到大卫所在的基伊拉（Keilah），。当大卫继承犹大王位时，任命亚比亚他担任大祭司和谋士。他对大卫帮助极大，尤其是在押沙龙叛乱时。在列王纪上4章4节，撒督和亚比亚他一同作所罗门的大祭司。但是在列王纪上1章，表明亚比亚他是亚多尼雅的支持者，在2章22、26节，又记述所罗门因为他支持亚多尼雅而将其放逐。

Abiathar (אביתר, Ebyathar, Evyatar, "the [divine] father is pre-eminent" or "father of plenty"), in the Hebrew Bible, son of Ahimelech or Ahijah, High Priest at Nob, the fourth in descent from Eli (1 Sam. 23:6) and the last of Eli's House. The only one of the priests to escape from Saul's massacre, he fled to David at Keilah, taking with him the ephod and other priestly regalies (1 Sam. 22:20 f., 23:6, 9). He was of great service to David, especially at the time of the rebellion of Absalom (2 Sam. 15:24, 29, 35, 20:25). In 1 Kings 4:4 Zadok and Abiathar are found acting together as priests under Solomon. In 1 Kings 1:7, 19, 25, however, Abiathar appears as a supporter of Adonijah, and in 2:22 and 26 it is said that he was deposed by Solomon and banished to Anathoth. In 2 Sam. 8:17 Abiathar, the son of Achimelech should be read, with the Syriac, for Achimelech, the son of Abiathar.