强制绝育（德语：Zwanghafte Sterilisation; 英语：Compulsory sterilization）是国家或地方政府透过立法强制某些类型的人结扎、绝育。通常是出于所谓｢优生学考量｣，也有｢为了社会经济与福祉｣，避免某些｢低／无价值的｣或｢低／无生产力的｣人类繁衍后代，以便提高（未来）整体国民的健康素质与社会经济力。

曾被列入强制绝育的对象各地不一，例如：某些遗传病病患（天生智障、精神分裂症、躁郁精神病、遗传性癫痫、遗传性杭丁顿舞蹈症、遗传性眼盲或耳聋、严重的遗传性身体缺陷以及严重酗酒者），精神病患，穷人，犯人，妓女。

Compulsory sterilization, also known as forced sterilization (or compulsory sterilisation respectively forced sterilisation – see spelling differences), programs are government policies which attempt to force people to undergo surgical or other sterilization. The reasons governments implement sterilization programs vary in purpose and intent. In the first half of the 20th century, several such programs were instituted in countries around the world, usually as part of eugenics programs intended to prevent the reproduction and multiplication of members of the population considered to be carriers of defective, more often than not different and not inferior in a natural combination racial genetic traits.