Common good

In philosophy, economics, and political science, the common good (also commonwealth or common weal) is a term of art, referring to either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community, or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service. The concept of the common good differs significantly among philosophical doctrines. Early conceptions of the common good were set out by Ancient Greek philosophers, including Aristotle and Plato. One understanding of the common good rooted in Aristotle's philosophy remains in common usage today, referring to what one contemporary scholar calls the "good proper to, and attainable only by, the community, yet individually shared by its members." The concept of common good developed through the work of political theorists, moral philosophers, and public economists, including Thomas Aquinas, Niccolò Machiavelli, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, James Madison, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, John Stuart Mill, John Rawls, and many other thinkers. In contemporary economic theory, a common good is any good which is rivalrous yet non-excludable, while the common good, by contrast, arises in the subfield of welfare economics and refers to the outcome of a social welfare function. Such a social welfare function, in turn, would be rooted in a moral theory of the good (such as utilitarianism). Social choice theory aims to understand processes by which the common good may or may not be realized in societies through the study of collective decision rules. And public choice theory applies microeconomic methodology to the study of political science in order to explain how private interests affect political activities and outcomes. It aims to investigate whether and how various private interests aid or impede public pursuit of the common good.

单词	Common good
释义	Common good 原声例句 VOA慢速英语_单词故事 Common good wishes during the season include " Merry Christmas" and " Happy New Year! " 节日期间常见的祝福包括“Merry Christmas”和“Happy New Year！” 耶鲁大学公开课：欧洲文明（音频版） The common good comes right out of enlightened thought. " 公共利益" 是非常明显的启蒙思想。海底两万里（原版） I'm ready to do anything I can for the common good. 我准备为大家共同的安全牺牲一切。” 切达科学解读（双语精选） Why is it so hard to ditch the split for the common good? 为什么为了共同利益去放弃这样的做法，会变得如此困难？ BBC Ideas 精选（双语） Why don't we start thinking about funding those technologies from the commons for the common good? 我们为什么不开始考虑从公共资源中为这些技术提供资金，以实现共同利益？经济 Crash Course Smith introduced the idea that a person following their own self-interest could end up serving the common good. 史密斯提出了一种观点，即一个人按照自己的利益行事，最终可能会为公共利益服务。当月 VOA Special English Voicing your own needs is disapproved in Japan, where you are expected to sacrifice for the common good. 日本推崇共同利益做出牺牲，表达自己的需求是不被认可的。 VOA Standard 2015年12月合集 The goats to me give such a sense of community and bring people together for a common good. 对于我来说，这些山羊给了我团队意识，人们会为了“共同心愿”在一起。 NPR音讯 2021年2月合集 Europe invested billions to help develop the world's first COVID-19 vaccines to create a truly global, common good. 欧洲投资了数十亿美元，帮助研发世界上首个新冠肺炎疫苗，以创造真正的全球共同利益。 BBC 听力 2015年3月合集 The emphasis instead is on the working together of employer and employee for mutual flourishing and the common good. 强调为了共同繁荣和共同利益，雇员和雇主团结协作。 VOA Special 2021年11月合集 " Humanity needs new maps to discover the sense of fraternity, of friendship and the common good, " he said. “人类需要新的地图来发现情谊、友谊和共同利益的意义。” VOA Special 2019年10月合集 It said owners of property in which the public has an interest must accept public control for the common good. 它说，拥有具有公众利益的财产时，拥有者必须接受公众对公共利益的控制。 VOA Daily Standard 2021年7月合集 " Each of these bills, each of these bills reflects return to common sense and commitment to the common good" . " 每一个法案，每一个，都反映了对常识的回归和对共同利益的承诺。" TED演讲（视频版） 2020年8月合集 Meritocracy is corrosive of the common good. 任人唯贤会腐蚀公共利益。《基督教科学箴言报》播客集 How would you define that common good? 您如何定义共同利益？ TED演讲（音频版） 2022年5月合集 And it's an investment in our global common good. 这是对我们全球共同利益的投资。朗文OCLM-01单词 They work together for the common good. 【common】他们为了共同的利益一起努力。 TED演讲（视频版） 2023年6月合集 And we can transform ocean management for the common good of all. 我们可以为了所有人的共同利益改变海洋管理。诺桑觉寺（原版） Not to do the honours of her house with common good breeding! 不要用共同的良好教养来赢得她家的荣誉！ TED演讲（视频版） 2017年4月合集 But it is the responsibility of governments to protect and promote the common good. 但保护和促进共同利益是政府的责任。英语百科 Common good In philosophy, economics, and political science, the common good (also commonwealth or common weal) is a term of art, referring to either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community, or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service. The concept of the common good differs significantly among philosophical doctrines. Early conceptions of the common good were set out by Ancient Greek philosophers, including Aristotle and Plato. One understanding of the common good rooted in Aristotle's philosophy remains in common usage today, referring to what one contemporary scholar calls the "good proper to, and attainable only by, the community, yet individually shared by its members." The concept of common good developed through the work of political theorists, moral philosophers, and public economists, including Thomas Aquinas, Niccolò Machiavelli, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, James Madison, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, John Stuart Mill, John Rawls, and many other thinkers. In contemporary economic theory, a common good is any good which is rivalrous yet non-excludable, while the common good, by contrast, arises in the subfield of welfare economics and refers to the outcome of a social welfare function. Such a social welfare function, in turn, would be rooted in a moral theory of the good (such as utilitarianism). Social choice theory aims to understand processes by which the common good may or may not be realized in societies through the study of collective decision rules. And public choice theory applies microeconomic methodology to the study of political science in order to explain how private interests affect political activities and outcomes. It aims to investigate whether and how various private interests aid or impede public pursuit of the common good.
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