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单词 Common Bench
释义

Common Bench

中文百科

民事诉讼法院 (英格兰) Court of Common Pleas (England)

(重定向自Common Bench)

民事诉讼法院(Court of Common Pleas)。一直至13世纪,英格兰有两种法院,一种随国王流动,对刑事诉讼和民事诉讼具有管辖权;另一种是固定在某一地点,后来通常设在威斯敏斯特,负责审理民事诉讼。这些法院的活动自1223年起分别记录在彻览卷宋和法院卷宗上。《大宪章》第17条规定,民事诉讼法院不应随国王流动,而应被设在一特定地点。1272年,一独立的民事诉讼法院首席法官被任命。但是民事诉讼法院的级别低于国王的法院即王座法庭,因为王座法庭负责处理民事诉讼法院的错误。民事诉讼法院受理英格兰臣民间的民事诉讼。在该法院可以提起全部的物权诉讼以及旧时关于债务、返还原物、帐目和契约违反等的对人诉讼。这使它垄断了中世纪时期的重要职能。尽管不是最高的普通法法院,但它在当时最为活跃。它对地方法院和采邑法院行使监督权,但是其判决由王座法庭复核。民事诉讼法院对物权诉讼的排他性管辖权一直持续到19世纪,但是大部分旧时诉讼方式在很早之前就已取消,而且王座法院和理财法院通过法律上的拟制,以及由于收回不动产诉讼和对有关案件的侵权行为的增长,侵夺了民事诉讼法院的管辖权。

英语百科

Court of Common Pleas (England) 民事诉讼法院 (英格兰)

(重定向自Common Bench)
The Court of Common Pleas at work. The image shows pleaders and clients standing in front of seven Justices, and below them, their clerks.
Henry II of England, who was originally thought to have created the Court of Common Pleas through a royal decree in 1178
Sir Edmund Anderson, the conservative Chief Justice of the Common Pleas who brought the Common Pleas and King's Bench into conflict over assumpsit.
The Court of Common Pleas in 1822

The Court of Common Pleas, or Common Bench, was a common law court in the English legal system that covered "common pleas"; actions between subject and subject, which did not concern the king. Created in the late 12th to early 13th century after splitting from the Exchequer of Pleas, the Common Pleas served as one of the central English courts for around 600 years. Authorised by Magna Carta to sit in a fixed location, the Common Pleas sat in Westminster Hall for its entire existence, joined by the Exchequer of Pleas and Court of King's Bench.

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更新时间:2025/6/17 12:52:45