燃烧是物体快速氧化，产生光和热的过程。 燃烧的本质是氧化还原反应。广义燃烧不一定要有氧气参加，任何发光、发热、剧烈的氧化还原反应，都可以叫燃烧。

燃烧需要三种要素并存才能发生，分别是可燃物如燃料、助燃物如氧气、以及温度要达到燃点。燃烧三要素并称为火三角。助燃物是燃烧反应中的氧化剂，氧气是燃烧反应中最常见的助燃物，但其他化合物也可能是助燃物，例如镁带可以在二氧化碳中燃烧，此时二氧化碳即为助燃物。

在一个完整的燃烧反应中，一物质和氧化剂（如氧气、氟气）反应，其生成物为燃料的各元素氧化反应后的产物。例如：

然而在真实情况下不可能达到完整的燃烧反应。当燃烧反应达到化学平衡时，会产生多种主要和次要产物；例如燃烧碳时会产生一氧化碳和煤烟。此外，在大气中发生燃烧反应时，因为大气中含有78%的氮气的缘故，会产生各式各样的氮氧化物和氮化物。

Combustion /kəmˈbʌs.tʃən/ or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combustion in a fire produces a flame, and the heat produced can make combustion self-sustaining. Combustion is often a complicated sequence of elementary radical reactions. Solid fuels, such as wood, first undergo endothermic pyrolysis to produce gaseous fuels whose combustion then supplies the heat required to produce more of them. Combustion is often hot enough that light in the form of either glowing or a flame is produced. A simple example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen into water vapor, a reaction commonly used to fuel rocket engines. This reaction releases 242 kJ/mol of heat and reduces the enthalpy accordingly (at constant temperature and pressure):