化合价（英语：Valence）是由一定元素的原子构成的化学键的数量。一个原子是由原子核和外围的电子组成的，电子在原子核外围是分层运动的，化合物的各个原子是以和化合价同样多的化合键互相连接在一起的。 元素周围的价电子形成价键，单价原子可以形成一个共价键，双价原子可形成两个σ键或一个σ键加一个π键。

In chemistry, the valence or valency of an element is a measure of its combining power with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. The concept of valence was developed in the second half of the 19th century and was successful in explaining the molecular structure of inorganic and organic compounds. The quest for the underlying causes of valence led to the modern theories of chemical bonding, including the cubical atom (1902), Lewis structures (1916), valence bond theory (1927), molecular orbitals (1928), valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (1958), and all of the advanced methods of quantum chemistry.