广义的组合数学（英语：Combinatorics）就是离散数学，狭义的组合数学是组合计数、图论、代数结构、数理逻辑等的总称。但这只是不同学者在叫法上的区别。总之，组合数学是一门研究可数或离散对象的科学。随着计算机科学的日益发展，组合数学的重要性也日渐凸显，因为计算机科学的核心内容是使用算法处理离散数据。

狭义的组合数学主要研究满足一定条件的组态（也称组合模型）的存在、计数以及构造等方面的问题。 组合数学的主要内容有组合计数、组合设计、组合矩阵、组合优化（最佳组合）等。

Combinatorics is a branch of mathematics concerning the study of finite or countable discrete structures. Aspects of combinatorics include counting the structures of a given kind and size (enumerative combinatorics), deciding when certain criteria can be met, and constructing and analyzing objects meeting the criteria (as in combinatorial designs and matroid theory), finding "largest", "smallest", or "optimal" objects (extremal combinatorics and combinatorial optimization), and studying combinatorial structures arising in an algebraic context, or applying algebraic techniques to combinatorial problems (algebraic combinatorics).