西瓜属（学名：Citrullus）是葫芦科下的一个属，为藤本植物。该属共有4种，分布于热带非洲、地中海地区和亚洲。

• 药西瓜（Citrullus colocynthis）
• 缺须西瓜（Citrullus ecirrhosus）
• 西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）
• 诺丹西瓜（Citrullus naudinianus）

Citrullus is a genus of seven species of desert vines, among which Citrullus lanatus (the watermelon) is an important crop. Recent molecular data, including sequences from the original collection of Citrullus lanatus, made by C. P. Thunberg in 1773, show that the plant originally dubbed Citrullus lanatus was not a watermelon, which the name now refers to, but instead a bitter melon, as implied by Thunberg's original description of the species.