通敌是一个贬义词，是形容当敌人占领国土时与其合作的叛国行为。并且隐含着于占领军串通进行一系列谋杀,迫害,掠夺以及经济剥削还有创建傀儡政权的犯罪活动。

Collaborationism is cooperation with the enemy against one's country in wartime.

Stanley Hoffmann subdivided collaboration onto

According to him, collaborationism can be subdivided onto

the former is a deliberate service to an enemy, whereas the latter is a deliberate advocacy of co-operation with the foreign force which is seen as a champion of some desirable domestic transformations. In contrast, Bertram Gordon used the terms "collaborator" and "collaborationist" for non-ideological and ideological collaborations, respectively.