Just look at cold and flu viruses.

看看感冒和流感病毒就知道了。

The cold virus is sucked inside your lungs, and lands on a cell on your airway lining.

感冒病毒就这样被吸入你的肺里，并在呼吸道里的细胞上著陆。

When you think about cold viruses or flu viruses, oftentimes they act a bit like a powder.

当你想到感冒或流感病毒, 通常它们有点像粉状末。

Hundreds of healthy people completed a loneliness scale test and then were given nasal drops containing the common cold virus.

数百名健康的人在完成孤独感量表测试后，会收到含有普通感冒病毒的滴鼻液。

Early in the pandemic, scientists noticed that T-cells that reacted to the cold virus also reacted to the pandemic virus.

在疫情早期，科学家们注意到对感冒病毒产生反应的T细胞，对疫情病毒也会做出反应。

There're actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there.

实际上那里有数百种感冒病毒。

The cold virus has evolved just as much as you evolved.

感冒病毒的进化程度与你一样。

So it may be that they react differently than the common cold viruses.

因此，它们的反应可能与普通感冒病毒不同。

Both use a common cold virus as the vector and different surface proteins.

两者都使用普通感冒病毒作为载体和不同的表面蛋白。

Take a perspective of the cold virus.

从感冒病毒的角度来看。

What the cold virus does is evolve different strategies to cause it to reproduce.

感冒病毒进化不同的策略来繁殖。

But with so many flavors of cold virus circulating, there's always a new one to catch.

但是随着感冒病毒的传播种类繁多，总有一种新病毒要感染。

In fact, a real powerful virus would skip the respiratory system altogether, even better than a cold virus.

事实上， 一个真正强大的病毒会完全跳过呼吸系统，比普通的感冒病毒更好。

Scientists have been working on cold viruses for over 70 years, but they've never found an effective cure.

70 多年来， 科学家们一直致力于研究感冒病毒，但他们从未找到有效的治疗方法。

Other studies have linked recent exposure to these cold viruses with less severe COVID, says Sette, who was not involved in Lalvani's work.

Sette 并未参与 Lalvani 的研究，他称其它研究将近期接触这些感冒病毒与重症新冠减少联系在一起。

But so far, Picker says, the strategy hasn’t worked well because the cold virus doesn’t survive very long in the body.

但到目前为止， Picker 说， 该策略效果不佳，因为感冒病毒不能在体内存活很长时间。

In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.

在一项实验中，研究人员让一群身体健康的志愿者去接触感冒病毒或流感病毒，结果发现，性格开朗的人患病的几率较小。

The T cells, primed by the older cold virus, recognize the new pandemic virus because it has those similar proteins, and they work to fight it off.

而被旧感冒病毒点醒的T细胞，识别出这种有类似蛋白质的新疫情病毒，然后努力击退它。

That could help explain why we can repeatedly get sick with something as simple as a cold even if we think we've been exposed to cold viruses before.

这就解释了，为何对一些小恙如感冒，我们会反复感染，即便我们之前曾经患过感冒。

But other approaches, like using inactivated cold viruses to shuttle the spike protein, or harmless versions of the virus itself, could also soon make their way to market.

但其他方法，如使用灭活的感冒病毒来运送尖峰蛋白，或病毒本身的无害版本，也可能很快进入市场。