《汉谟拉比法典》是古巴比伦第六代国王汉谟拉比颁布的一部法律，被认为是世界上最早的一部比较具有系统的法典，约公元前1772年颁布。

1901年在埃兰古城苏萨（今属于伊朗）发现，为一黑色的玄武岩圆柱，现存法国巴黎卢浮宫博物馆。圆柱上端有汉谟拉比从太阳神夏马修(Shamash)手中接过权杖的浮雕，下面用楔形文本铭刻法典全文，除序言与结语外全文共收录282条条文，范畴包括诉讼手续、损害赔偿、租佃关系、债权债务、财产继承、处罚奴隶等。

汉谟拉比法典将人分为三种等级：

汉谟拉比法典最重要的原则是：

The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code, and partial copies exist on a seven and a half foot stone stele and various clay tablets. The code consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" (lex talionis) as graded depending on social status, of slave versus free man. Nearly one-half of the code deals with matters of contract, establishing, for example, the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon. Other provisions set the terms of a transaction, establishing the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, for example, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another. A third of the code addresses issues concerning household and family relationships such as inheritance, divorce, paternity, and sexual behavior. Only one provision appears to impose obligations on an official; this provision establishes that a judge who reaches an incorrect decision is to be fined and removed from the bench permanently. A few provisions address issues related to military service.