堆积作用 Deposition (geology)
(重定向自Coastal Deposition)
堆积作用(英语:Deposition)是指岩石受侵蚀后的产物在外力的搬运途中,由于流速或风速的降低及其他因素的影响,导致物质逐渐沉淀、堆积的过程。
在流水的沉积过程中,一般颗粒大、比重大的物质先沉积,颗粒小、比重小的后沉积,当流水携带大量泥沙流动时,由于流速降低、泥沙逐渐沉积,在河流的中下游常常形成宽广平坦的冲积平原和三角洲,如中国长江三角洲等。
风在搬运过程中,因风速减小或遇到障碍物,风沙便沉积下来,形成沙丘、沙垄等风积地貌。颗粒细小的粉砂粘土,被风挟带出沙漠区,随着风力减弱,在外围形成黄土沉积。如中国的黄土高原等。
![Map of Cape Cod showing shores undergoing erosion (cliffed sections) in red, and shores characterized by marine deposition (barriers) in blue[1]](/uploads/202501/05/Deposition_erosion5451.jpg)
![Figure 2. Map of Akaroa Harbour showing a fining of sediments with increased bathymetry toward the central axis of the harbour. Taken from Hart et al. (2009) and the University of Canterbury under contract of Environment Canterbury.[5]](/uploads/202501/05/Akaroa_Harbour_jpeg5451.png)