闭路电视（英语：Closed-Circuit Television，简称CCTV）是指在特定的区域进行视频的传输，并只有在固定的回路设备里播放，例如以前的录像机，或是一般大楼的监视器。这类的播放模式就被称作闭路电视。

以前有些人会称录像机播放节目这类叫做闭路电视。不过等到录像机比较普遍后，就很少人说录像机叫做闭路电视。反倒是大楼的监视系统，目前也还会被称作闭路监视系统。

它与广播电视是不同的，尽管也是点对点的无线连接，但闭路电视的信号不是公开传输的。全球第一部闭路电视于1942年在德国开始使用，用于观察V-2火箭的发射。

Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance, is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint, or mesh wireless links. Though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is most often applied to those used for surveillance in areas that may need monitoring such as banks, casinos, airports, military installations, and convenience stores. Videotelephony is seldom called "CCTV" but the use of video in distance education, where it is an important tool, is often so called.