泄殖腔在动物解剖学中指在某些动物种类背后作为肠道、尿道及产道的出口的一个开口。

泄殖腔一般存在于嵴椎动物中的两栖类、爬虫类、鸟类及哺乳类的单孔目。上述动物直肠末端较其他嵴椎动物直肠大并成为动物排尿、排粪及产卵的出口，所以称之为泄殖腔。

鸟类泄殖腔除了排遗及生产用途外亦是交配时器官接合处。

人类在胚胎时期亦有一个原始的胚胎泄殖腔，在泌尿系统及生育系统发展的时候分开。有部份性器官发展失调患者或美人鱼综合症患者的胚胎泄殖腔未能分化成为各条信道并在出生后保留。

In animal anatomy, a cloaca /kloʊˈeɪkə/ kloh-AY-kə (plural cloacae /kloʊˈeɪsiː/ kloh-AY-see) is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of certain animals, opening at the vent. All amphibians, birds, reptiles, and a few mammals (monotremes, tenrecs, golden moles, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have two or three separate orifices for evacuation. Excretory systems with analogous purpose in certain invertebrates are also sometimes referred to as cloacae.