计量经济史（或者计量经济史学、数量经济史、计量历史学）是历史学的一种，它运用经济学理论和计量经济学的分析方法和工具研究历史问题，是历史学和经济学的结合。

作为历史学的分野之一，计量经济史侧重于研究经济史，引入了计量经济学的数理经济学和定量分析的方法后，使得整个经济史学界发生了变化。在计量经济学的帮助下，一些经济问题和经济政策在新的角度下被重新审视和研究。美国经济大萧条历史，国际贸易摩擦历史，贸易政策等问题都有了全新的解读。

Cliometrics, sometimes called new economic history, or econometric history, is the systematic application of economic theory, econometric techniques, and other formal or mathematical methods to the study of history (especially, social and economic history). It is a quantitative (as opposed to qualitative or ethnographic) approach to economic history. The term cliometrics comes from Clio, who was the muse of history, and was originally coined by the mathematical economist Stanley Reiter in 1960.