净室，又称无尘室，是指一个具有低污染水平的环境，这里所指的污染来源有灰尘，空气传播的微生物，悬浮颗粒，和化学挥发性气体。更准确地讲，一个净室具有一个受控的污染级别，污染级别可用每立方米的颗粒数，或者用最大颗粒大小来厘定的。低级别的净室通常是没有经过消毒的（如没有受控的微生物），更多的是关心空气传播的灰尘。

无尘室的定义为：将空间范围内之空气中的微尘粒子等污染物排除，而得到一个相当洁净的环境。亦即：这个环境中的微尘粒子相当少，称之为无尘室。净室被广泛地应用在对环境污染特别敏感的行业，例如半导体生产、生化技术、生物技术、精密机械、制药、医院等行业等，其中以半导体业其对室内之温湿度、洁净度要求尤其严格、故其必需控制在某一个需求范围内，才不会对制程产生影响。作为生产设施，净室可以占据厂房很多位置。

The cleanroom software engineering process is a software development process intended to produce software with a certifiable level of reliability. The cleanroom process was originally developed by Harlan Mills and several of his colleagues including Alan Hevner at IBM. The focus of the cleanroom process is on defect prevention, rather than defect removal. The name "cleanroom" was chosen to invoke the cleanrooms used in the electronics industry to prevent the introduction of defects during the fabrication of semiconductors. The cleanroom process first saw use in the mid to late 1980s. Demonstration projects within the military began in the early 1990s. Recent work on the cleanroom process has examined fusing cleanroom with the automated verification capabilities provided by specifications expressed in CSP.